Risks and Complications of Surgery

Risks and Complications of Plastic Surgery with Dr Carmen

Understanding Risks and Complications of Plastic Surgery

Before undergoing any surgical procedure, it’s important to be fully informed about the potential risks and complications involved. As part of your consultation and informed consent process, Dr Carmen Munteanu will take the time to carefully explain the possible outcomes, risks, and factors that may influence your recovery.

While Dr Carmen and her team are committed to upholding the highest standards of care and will take every step to reduce potential risks, complications can still occur. Surgery involves shared responsibility, achieving optimal outcome requires patients to follow pre- and post-operative instructions, allow adequate time for rest and recovery , and communicate openly throughout their surgical journey.

This page includes an overview of general surgical risks, as well as risks specific to different procedures, to help make sure you have access to clear and comprehensive information before making any decisions.

Risks and Complications that may apply to ANY surgical procedure

General Anaesthetic

General anaesthetic is used during many surgical procedures. While anaesthesia is routinely administered by qualified anaesthetists, it carries potential risks. These risks can vary depending on the individual’s health, the type of procedure, and other contributing factors. Potential side effects or complications may include:

Nausea or vomiting after the procedure.
Sore throat or hoarseness related to the breathing tube used during surgery.
Shivering or chills as the body adjusts after anaesthesia.
Headache, tiredness, or dizziness during the initial recovery period.
Allergic responses to medications or anaesthetic agents (uncommon but possible).
Temporary confusion, memory changes, or disorientation, particularly for older patients.
Breathing or cardiovascular difficulties, especially for individuals with underlying medical conditions.
In rare situations, awareness during the procedure or delayed recovery may occur.
Serious risks, such as stroke or heart complications, are uncommon but may be associated with general anaesthetic in certain circumstances.

Before your surgery, your anaesthetist will review your medical history and discuss relevant factors that may affect your anaesthetic care. If you have any questions or concerns, Dr Carmen and the team are available to support you throughout the process.

Pain

Some discomfort is expected following surgery. Prescription or over-the-counter pain relief may be recommended to assist during the early recovery period. If your pain increases unexpectedly or becomes difficult to manage, contact our rooms promptly. If assistance cannot be reached, please attend your nearest hospital or emergency department.

Numbness / Changes in Sensation

Some patients may experience reduced sensation or numbness in the area surrounding the surgical site. This can occur if sensory nerves are affected during surgery. In many cases, sensation gradually returns over time, though long-term or permanent changes can occur in some instances.

Internal Bleeding (Hematoma)

While bleeding points are addressed during the procedure, bleeding can occasionally occur after wound closure. If this leads to swelling or discomfort, a return to the procedure or operating room may be required to investigate and treat the issue.

Fluid Accumulation (Seroma)

Following surgery, some patients may develop a build-up of fluid under the skin near the treatment area. If this occurs, further management such as drainage may be needed. This can often be performed in a procedure room, though in some cases a return to theatre may be required.

Allergic Reaction

Unexpected allergic responses may occur. It is important to disclose any known sensitivities or allergies to surgical materials, medications, or topical preparations during your consultation. This may include reactions to suture materials, surgical tape, glues, antiseptics, or anaesthetic agents.

Infection

Infections can develop despite sterile surgical conditions and the use of antibiotics. Bacteria are present in our everyday environments, and the surgical site may occasionally be affected. Cleaning your skin thoroughly prior to surgery, following all aftercare instructions, and attending follow-up appointments are important steps in reducing the likelihood of complications such as infection.

Wound Healing / Wound Breakdown

Healing outcomes vary between individuals and may be influenced by factors such as circulation, skin quality, or the presence of medical conditions. Wound breakdown or delayed healing can occasionally occur. Smoking, vaping, and the use of nicotine products significantly increase the risk of complications in wound healing. It is recommended that all nicotine products be ceased well in advance of your procedure and not resumed during the recovery period.

Scarring and Keloid Formation

All surgical incisions leave scars. The appearance of scars varies from person to person and from procedure to procedure. Some may be fine and fade over time, while others may remain raised, red or thickened.

In certain individuals, keloid or hypertrophic scarring may develop. Treatment options for scar management or revision can be discussed if required. Avoiding smoking and nicotine products may positively impact scar outcomes.

Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT)

A deep vein thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins, typically in the lower limbs. This can occur post-surgery, especially with reduced mobility. Patients with a higher body weight or a family history of clotting disorders may be at increased risk. Blood-thinning medication, compression garments, and movement strategies may be recommended to reduce the likelihood of clot formation. A pulmonary embolism may occur if a clot travels to the lungs, which is a serious medical complication.

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. This can affect breathing and reduce oxygen levels in the blood. In some cases, it may cause chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, or other serious symptoms. Pulmonary embolism can develop after surgery, particularly in individuals with reduced mobility or other risk factors such as a history of blood clots. It is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

Cardiac Events (Heart Attack)

Though uncommon, heart-related complications may occur, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions or risk factors such as age or lifestyle-related illness. If required, additional tests or a referral to a cardiologist will be arranged to assess your suitability for surgery.

Ways to Help Reduce Risks and Support Recovery After Surgery

There are several important steps you can take to assist with your recovery and reduce the likelihood of complications following surgery. These actions can help support the healing process and are an important part of your overall surgical care.

Carefully read all pre- and post-operative information provided to you. It is essential to follow Dr Carmen’s instructions precisely. This includes allowing adequate time for rest and recovery, wearing any recommended compression garments as directed, and avoiding removal of dressings or touching the surgical site until advised that it is appropriate.
Avoid smoking, vaping, or nicotine use before and after surgery. Nicotine products can significantly impact healing and increase the risk of complications.
Provide a full and accurate list of all medications, supplements, and vitamins you are currently taking. It is important to disclose this information to both Dr Carmen and your anaesthetist, as some substances can affect your surgery or recovery.
Share your complete medical history, including any previous concerns or complications with surgery, anaesthesia, or wound healing. This information is vital for your care and helps the surgical team make informed decisions.
Use an antibacterial wash to cleanse your body thoroughly the evening before and the morning of your surgery. This may help reduce surface bacteria and lower the risk of infection.

Remember that the outcome of any surgical procedure is influenced by several factors, including realistic goals, personal health, clear communication, and a strong understanding of both the potential benefits and risks. Dr Carmen and her team are available to guide you through every step of this process.

Procedure Specific Risks and Complications

There are additional risks that may apply to specific procedures, such as breast surgery, body surgery, and procedures involving the face like Facelift, Neck Lift and Blepharoplasty which are now available with Dr Gary Kode at Aesthetik Profile. These specific risks will be discussed in detail during your consultation.

You can also find an overview of these procedure-specific risks listed in the sections below.

Risks and Complications of Breast Lift (Mastopexy) Surgery

In addition to the general risks associated with any surgical procedure, there are certain risks and complications that are more specific to Breast Lift (Mastopexy) surgery. These include:

● Changes in Nipple Sensation
Altered sensation of the nipple and surrounding skin may occur. This can range from increased sensitivity to reduced or loss of sensation. In many cases, changes in sensation will return over time, although in some instances the change may be long-lasting or permanent.

● Asymmetry Between Breasts
While every effort is made to achieve symmetry, the breasts may heal differently. This can result in variations in size, shape, nipple position, or scarring between the two sides. Slight asymmetry is to be expected (breasts, like eyebrows are sisters not twins) and may persist following surgery.

● Irregular Shape
There is a possibility of irregularities in the overall shape of the breast after healing, which may require further treatment or revision surgery.

● Nipple or Areola Position Irregularities
Changes in nipple or areola position may occur after surgery. In some cases, the nipple may appear higher, lower or uneven in position between the breasts. Revision procedures may be required if significant.

● Delayed Wound Healing Around the Nipple or Incisions
The surgical site may take longer to heal in certain cases, particularly around the nipple-areola complex. Additional wound care or interventions may be required.

● Fat Necrosis
This refers to the development of firm, fatty lumps within the breast tissue due to loss of blood supply to fatty areas. These lumps can sometimes be uncomfortable and may require monitoring or additional treatment.

● Partial or Total Loss of the Nipple-Areola Complex
In rare cases, the blood supply to the nipple-areola complex may be compromised, resulting in partial or total loss of the tissue. This is more likely in patients with certain risk factors and will be discussed during your consultation if relevant.

● Breast Firmness or Hardening
Following surgery, some patients experience areas of firmness within the breast tissue. This may be temporary or may require further treatment if persistent.

● Residual or Recurrent Breast Ptosis
Although the procedure aims to lift and reposition the breast, the effects of gravity, skin quality, weight fluctuations and ageing may cause recurrent excess/lax skin over time.

● Changes in Breast Volume
As the procedure does not involve the use of implants, changes in breast volume may occur due to tissue shifts during healing, hormonal changes or future weight changes.

● Rippling or Irregular Skin Texture
Visible ripples or uneven skin texture can develop, particularly in areas where significant skin removal has been performed.

● Scar Visibility
While scarring is expected with any surgery, some patients may experience scars that remain more visible or raised over time. Scar quality varies significantly between individuals.

● Potential Need for Revision Surgery
In some cases, additional procedures may be required to address complications, asymmetry, unsatisfactory shape, or scar concerns.

Risks and Complications of Breast Augmentation Surgery

In addition to the general surgical risks that apply to all procedures, there are risks and complications that are specific to breast augmentation surgery with implants. These include:

● Changes in Nipple and Breast Sensation
Altered sensitivity of the nipple or breast skin may occur after surgery. This can include reduced, heightened or altered sensation. Sensation may return over time but in some cases, changes can be long-lasting or permanent.

● Breast Asymmetry
Following surgery, differences in size, shape, or positioning between the breasts may occur. While every effort is made to achieve symmetry, slight variations are part of healing and breast anatomy.

● Capsular Contracture
This occurs when scar tissue forms tightly around the implant, leading to breast firmness, distortion of shape, and discomfort. Further treatment or revision surgery may be required to address this issue.

● Implant Rupture or Deflation
Breast implants are medical devices that can develop leaks or ruptures over time. A rupture may cause changes in breast shape, size or firmness and could require implant replacement or removal.

● Implant Malposition or Displacement
Implants can shift from their intended position during the healing process or over time. This may result in changes to breast appearance, such as unevenness or unusual shapes, potentially requiring further surgery.

● Rippling or Wrinkling of the Skin Over the Implant
Visible or palpable rippling or wrinkling may occur, particularly in patients with thinner breast tissue or after significant weight changes.

● Implant Visibility or Palpability
Depending on the thickness of the skin and breast tissue, implants may be visible or easily felt under the skin.

● Implant-Associated Risks (BIA-ALCL and BII)
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): This is a rare type of cancer that has been associated with certain types of breast implants, most commonly textured implants. Dr Carmen will discuss this in detail during your consultation if applicable.

Breast Implant Illness (BII): Some individuals report a range of symptoms they attribute to their implants, including fatigue and joint pain. While research is ongoing, the potential risks will be discussed with you.

● Persistent Breast Pain or Discomfort
While some discomfort is expected during recovery, in rare cases, pain may persist beyond the typical healing period and may require further assessment.

● Changes to Breast Shape or Position Over Time
Gravity, ageing, weight fluctuations, pregnancy, and hormonal changes can alter breast shape and position over time, even with implants in place.

● Need for Future Implant Removal or Replacement
Breast implants are not designed to last a lifetime. Further surgery may be required at some point to remove, replace, or revise the implants due to complications, changes in breast appearance, or personal preference.

● Scar Visibility
While efforts are made to place incisions in less visible locations, scarring varies between individuals. Some patients may develop more prominent or raised scars.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma) Around the Implant
Fluid can sometimes accumulate around the implant after surgery, potentially requiring drainage or further treatment.

Risks and Complications of a Fat Transfer (Autologous Fat Transfer) to Breasts Procedure

In addition to the general surgical risks that apply to all procedures, fat transfer to the breasts has its own set of risks and considerations. These include:

● Partial Loss of Transferred Fat (Fat Resorption)
Some of the transferred fat cells may not survive after the procedure. This can result in partial loss of volume or changes in breast shape over time. The degree of fat resorption varies and can affect the final result.

● Formation of Fat Cysts or Oil Cysts
Lumps or cysts may form as a result of fat necrosis, where some fat cells do not survive and break down. These cysts may feel firm and may require monitoring, drainage, or further treatment.

● Fat Necrosis
This occurs when transferred fat cells die and form firm nodules under the skin. While these generally do not cause issues, they may cause discomfort or be noticeable. In some cases, they may require further treatment.

● Calcification
Calcium deposits can develop in the breast tissue following fat transfer. These deposits may be detected during future breast imaging and may need additional investigation to rule out other conditions.

● Breast Asymmetry
Differences in size or shape between the breasts may occur after healing. Asymmetry can be related to variations in fat survival or initial fat placement.

● Volume Loss Over Time
Even after initial healing, breast volume achieved through fat transfer can change with fluctuations in weight, ageing, and hormonal factors. Additional fat transfer procedures may be considered if further volume is desired.

● Irregular Shape or Unevenness
Irregularities in breast shape may develop if the fat does not distribute evenly or if fat resorption occurs in certain areas.

● Changes in Breast Sensation
Temporary or, in some cases, longer-term changes in breast sensation may occur following the procedure.

● Infection at the Fat Harvest or Transfer Sites
Although uncommon, infection can develop at either the donor site (where fat is harvested) or the breast (where fat is transferred). Antibiotics or further treatment may be required.

● Bruising, Swelling and Discomfort
Bruising and swelling at both the donor and transfer sites are expected after the procedure and usually resolve with time. However, they may persist longer in some cases.

● Need for Revision Procedures
Additional fat transfer sessions may be required to achieve the desired outcome, particularly if a significant amount of fat is resorbed or if further shaping is desired.

● Donor Site Risks
The areas where fat is harvested (often abdomen, thighs, or hips) may develop irregularities, prolonged swelling, or discomfort during the healing period.

Risks and Complications of Breast Implant Removal (Explant) Surgery

In addition to general surgical risks, breast implant removal surgery has its own specific risks and considerations. These include:

● Changes to Breast Shape and Volume
Following implant removal, the breasts may appear flatter or have less volume, depending on how much tissue remains and the size of the removed implants. The degree of breast deflation will vary between individuals.

● Excess Skin
Once the implants are removed, the skin may not contract fully, which can lead to excess skin. Some patients may require or choose additional procedures, such as a breast lift, to address this.

● Breast Asymmetry
Differences in breast size or shape may become more noticeable after the implants are removed, particularly if asymmetry existed prior to implant placement or if one implant has shifted or changed.

● Irregularities or Unevenness
Irregularities in the breast shape may occur following implant removal, especially in cases where scar tissue or capsule formation has caused changes in breast tissue positioning.

● Changes in Nipple Position
Nipple position may shift following removal of implants due to changes in breast shape and skin elasticity.

● Thinning or Loss of Breast Tissue
In some cases, breast tissue may have thinned due to the presence of implants. This may affect the final breast appearance after implant removal.

● Capsular Contracture Residual Effects
In cases where capsular contracture (hardening of scar tissue around the implant) has occurred, the breast shape and texture may still be affected following implant removal.

● Seroma (Fluid Accumulation)
Fluid may accumulate in the breast pocket after the implants are removed. This may require drainage in the clinic or, occasionally, a return to the operating theatre.

● Residual Scar Tissue
Scar tissue from the original breast augmentation may remain after implant removal, which may affect the breast appearance or feel.

● Numbness or Changes in Breast Sensation
Temporary or longer-lasting changes in breast or nipple sensation may occur following surgery.

● Risk of Needing Further Surgery
Some patients may require or choose additional procedures such as fat transfer or breast lift surgery after implant removal to address changes in volume, shape, or skin laxity.

● BIA-ALCL Screening (if applicable)
For patients with textured implants, Dr Carmen may discuss the risks associated with Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and, if relevant, the approach to capsule removal and pathology testing.

Risks and Complications of Breast Implant Revision or Replacement Surgery

In addition to general surgical risks, breast implant replacement or revision surgery has its own set of specific risks and considerations. These include:

● Changes to Breast Appearance
The appearance of the breasts following replacement surgery can vary depending on implant type, size, position, and the quality of the surrounding breast tissue. Differences may be noticed in size, shape, or projection.

● Capsular Contracture (Scar Tissue Formation)
As with the initial breast augmentation, there is a risk of capsular contracture, where scar tissue forms tightly around the implant, potentially affecting appearance and comfort.

● Implant Malposition or Shift
Breast implants may change position over time or after surgery. This could result in unevenness or displacement of the implants.

● Implant Rupture or Deflation
Although implants are designed with durable materials, implant rupture or deflation remains a possibility. If this occurs, further surgery may be required to replace or remove the implant.

● Rippling or Visible Implant Edges
In some cases, the edges of the implants may become visible or may be felt under the skin, particularly in those with thin breast tissue.

● Breast Asymmetry
Differences between the breasts in terms of size, shape, or nipple position may remain or develop after surgery.

● Skin Changes or Skin Laxity
Changes in skin elasticity can affect the outcome. Skin may not fully adapt to the new implants, which may influence the appearance of the breasts.

● Changes in Nipple Sensation
Temporary or longer-lasting changes in nipple or breast sensation may occur following surgery.

● Seroma (Fluid Accumulation)
Fluid may collect around the implant after surgery, which may require drainage in the clinic or, in some cases, additional surgical intervention.

● Residual or Recurrent Scar Tissue
Scar tissue from previous procedures may remain or reform following revision surgery, which may affect breast texture or appearance.

● Risk of Needing Further Surgery
Further revision procedures may be needed in the future to address concerns related to breast appearance, implant condition, or discomfort.

● BIA-ALCL Screening (if applicable)
Patients with textured implants may have a discussion about Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma ( BIA-ALCL). Dr Carmen will explain relevant risks and the potential need for capsule removal and testing, where applicable.

Risks and Complications of Breast Revision Surgery

Breast revision surgery involves addressing concerns from previous breast procedures, such as implant removal, implant replacement, or altering surgical outcomes. Along with the general risks of surgery, this procedure has its own set of specific risks and considerations. These include:

● Changes to Breast Appearance
Breast revision surgery may result in unexpected changes to breast appearance, including size, shape, firmness, or nipple position. The final appearance may be influenced by the condition of the breast tissue, previous scarring, and the extent of the revision.

● Breast Asymmetry
It may not be possible to achieve symmetry between the breasts, and differences in size, shape, or nipple position may remain or develop after surgery.

● Capsular Contracture
The formation of tight scar tissue around implants (capsular contracture) may occur again, even after revision surgery.

● Implant Malposition or Shifting
Implants may change position over time or after surgery. This could lead to unevenness or require further revision procedures.

● Implant Rupture or Deflation
Replacement implants may rupture or deflate over time, requiring additional surgery for removal or replacement.

● Rippling or Palpable Implants
In some cases, the edges of the implant may become visible or felt beneath the skin, particularly in individuals with thin breast tissue.

● Changes in Nipple Sensation
Altered nipple or breast sensation may occur after surgery. This may be temporary or, in some cases, longer lasting.

● Residual Scar Tissue or New Scar Formation
Existing scar tissue may remain or new scar tissue may develop following revision surgery. This may affect the breast’s appearance or texture.

● Skin Irregularities or Skin Laxity
The skin may not fully adapt to changes following revision surgery, particularly after implant removal or changes in implant size. This may affect the final appearance.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
Fluid accumulation near the surgical site may occur. In some cases, this may require drainage or further treatment.

● Delayed Healing or Wound Complications
Previous surgeries may affect the healing process, and revision procedures may carry a higher risk of delayed wound healing or wound separation.

● Risk of Needing Further Surgery
Further revision procedures may be required to address persistent or new concerns following surgery.

● BIA-ALCL Considerations (if applicable)
Patients with current or previous textured implants may have a discussion regarding Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Dr Carmen will discuss the risks and whether additional capsule removal or testing is appropriate.

Risks and Complications of Male Breast Reduction

Male breast reduction surgery, also known as gynaecomastia surgery, is performed to remove excess breast tissue, glandular tissue, or fat from the chest area. In addition to general surgical risks, this procedure has its own set of potential risks and considerations. These include:

● Changes in Chest Appearance
The final appearance of the chest may vary depending on the amount of tissue removed, skin quality, and healing. It may not always be possible to achieve a flat chest or a specific chest shape.

● Asymmetry
There may be differences between the two sides of the chest after surgery, including variations in size, shape, or nipple position.

● Irregularities in Chest appearance
Following tissue removal, there may be areas of unevenness, skin irregularities, or indentations.

● Excess Skin or Skin Laxity
In some cases, the skin may not fully adapt to the altered shape of the chest, leading to areas of excess or redundant skin. Further procedures may be required to address this.

● Changes in Nipple Sensation
Temporary or longer-term changes in nipple or skin sensation may occur after surgery. In some cases, there may be partial or complete loss of nipple sensation.

● Scar Development
All surgical procedures result in scarring. Scar characteristics vary between individuals and may include thickened or raised scars. Scar treatments may be available for scars that are considered unsatisfactory.

● Nipple or Areola Irregularities
Changes in the shape, position, or pigmentation of the nipples or areola may occur. In rare cases, further procedures may be required to address these changes.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
There may be fluid accumulation under the skin after surgery. This may require drainage in the clinic or, in some cases, additional treatment.

● Haematoma (Internal Bleeding)
Bleeding under the skin may lead to swelling, bruising, or discomfort. In some cases, this may require additional surgery to remove the collected blood.

● Delayed Wound Healing or Wound Separation
Some patients may experience delayed healing at the incision sites. This may require additional wound care and follow-up treatment.

● Fat Necrosis
Areas of fat tissue may not survive after surgery, potentially leading to firm areas or lumps beneath the skin.

● Risk of Needing Further Surgery
Some individuals may require additional procedures to alter previous outcomes.

Risks and Complications of Abdominoplasty/Tummy Tuck Surgery

Abdominoplasty is performed to remove excess skin and fat from the abdominal area and to tighten the underlying abdominal muscles. In addition to general surgical risks, there are specific risks and considerations associated with this procedure. These include:

● Changes in Abdominal Sensation
Temporary or longer-term changes in skin sensation, particularly around the lower abdomen, are possible. In some cases, numbness may persist for an extended period or become permanent.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
Accumulation of fluid beneath the skin (seroma) may occur after surgery. This may require drainage during follow-up appointments or, in some cases, additional treatment.

● Haematoma (Internal Bleeding)
Bleeding under the skin can result in swelling, bruising, or discomfort. In some situations, this may necessitate further surgery to remove the accumulated blood.

● Skin Irregularities
Following surgery, there may be areas of unevenness, puckering, or wrinkling of the skin around the surgical site.

● Delayed Wound Healing or Wound Separation
Some individuals may experience delayed healing at the incision sites or areas where the wound separates. Additional wound care and medical management may be required.

● Scar Development
All surgeries result in scarring. While most scars fade over time, some may remain raised, thickened, or darker in colour. Scar treatments may be discussed if required.

● Asymmetry
There may be visible differences in the appearance of the abdomen, including variations in skin tightness, incision position, or overall shape.

● Fat Necrosis
Areas of fat tissue may not survive following surgery, leading to firm lumps or irregularities beneath the skin.

● Skin Loss or Tissue Necrosis
In rare cases, areas of skin or tissue may not receive sufficient blood supply, potentially resulting in skin breakdown or tissue loss. This may require additional surgical treatment.

● Muscle Weakness or Changes in Muscle Repair
The abdominal muscles are often tightened during this procedure. While this typically provides a firmer abdominal area, some individuals may experience persistent weakness or separation of the muscle repair.

● Belly Button (Navel) Irregularities
Changes in the shape, position, or healing of the belly button may occur. Further procedures may be required to further alter the appearance of this area.

● Risk of Needing Additional Procedures
Some individuals may seek further procedures to adjust the surgical outcome.

Risks and Complications of Fleur De Lis Surgery

Fleur-de-Lis Abdominoplasty is a more extensive form of abdominal surgery, often performed to address significant excess skin and tissue in both vertical and horizontal directions. In addition to general surgical risks, this procedure carries its own specific risks and considerations. These include:

● Extended Scarring
This procedure involves both a vertical and horizontal incision, resulting in a scar that extends vertically along the midline of the abdomen in addition to the scar across the lower abdomen. These scars can be more noticeable and may remain red, raised, or thickened for an extended period.

● Changes in Sensation
Altered skin sensation in the abdominal region is possible, particularly around the scar lines. Numbness or reduced sensitivity may persist for several months and, in some cases, may be long-lasting.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
A collection of fluid under the skin (seroma) may develop, particularly due to the larger areas of tissue removal involved in this technique. Drainage or further treatment may be required.

● Haematoma (Internal Bleeding)
Bleeding within the surgical area may result in swelling, discomfort, or bruising. In some cases, additional procedures may be needed to manage this.

● Skin Irregularities and Skin Tension
Due to the extensiveness of this procedure, there may be unevenness or tension in the skin, particularly around the vertical scar and lower abdominal area.

● Delayed Wound Healing or Wound Separation
Given the complexity of the procedure, there is a higher likelihood of delayed wound healing or areas where the wound may separate, especially at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal scars.

● Scar Breakdown
The area where the vertical and horizontal scars meet (the “T-junction”) can be prone to breakdown or delayed healing due to increased tension in this region.

● Asymmetry
There may be slight differences in skin tightness, incision placement, or abdominal shape on either side of the body.

● Fat Necrosis
Fat tissue in the surgical area may not survive in some cases, leading to firm areas or lumps beneath the skin.

● Skin Loss or Tissue Necrosis
Due to the significant amount of skin tightening, there is a risk that certain areas of skin may not receive sufficient blood supply, which may lead to skin breakdown requiring further care.

● Belly Button (Navel) Position Changes
The shape and position of the belly button may change during this procedure. Additional treatment may be required to further alter the appearance of the belly button if needed.

● Muscle Repair Concerns
As with standard abdominoplasty, muscle tightening is often performed during this procedure. While this generally increases firmness in the abdominal wall, some individuals may experience persistent weakness or issues related to the muscle repair.

● Potential for Further Surgery
Some patients may seek additional procedures to address outcomes related to scarring, skin irregularities, or other aesthetic concerns.

Risks and Complications of Post-Pregnancy Surgery

Post-pregnancy surgery may involve various surgeries such as abdominoplasty, breast surgery (including breast lift or augmentation), liposuction, and other body surgeries which may be performed together or in a staged approach. While performing procedures simultaneously can reduce the number of surgical sessions, it also involves additional considerations and potential risks. These include;

● Extended Recovery Period
More surgeries generally require a longer and more complex recovery period. The body requires adequate time to rest and heal following multiple procedures.

● Increased Risk of Surgical Complications
Multiple procedures increase the duration of time under anaesthetic, which may raise the likelihood of certain complications including blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), pulmonary risks, or other anaesthetic-related concerns.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
There is a heightened risk of fluid accumulation around the surgical sites, especially when larger areas are treated simultaneously. Additional treatment, such as drainage, may be necessary.

● Bleeding or Haematoma
Bleeding within the surgical area is possible. This can lead to swelling and discomfort, and in some cases may require additional intervention.

● Wound Healing Issues
Multiple incision sites may increase the risk of delayed wound healing, wound separation, or tissue breakdown, particularly in areas where skin has been tightened.

● Scarring
Scars will form where incisions are made. With multiple surgeries, there may be several scar locations. Scar appearance varies and may require additional treatments.

● Changes in Sensation
Numbness or altered sensation may occur in areas where skin, fat, or nerves have been adjusted. This can be temporary or, in some cases, long-lasting.

● Skin Irregularities
Due to extensive tissue repositioning, some patients may experience areas of unevenness or differences in skin tension.

● Fat Necrosis
Fat cells can sometimes become damaged during the procedure, resulting in firm areas or lumps under the skin.

● Belly Button (Navel) Changes
If abdominoplasty is performed as part of the procedure, the position or shape of the belly button may change. Additional treatment may be required for further changes.

● Breast-Related Risks (if breast surgery is included)
Patients undergoing breast surgery as part of post-pregnancy surgery may experience breast asymmetry, changes in nipple sensation, implant-related concerns (if applicable), or differences in size and shape. (See specific Breast surgery Risks and Complications section for more information).

● Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) or Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
With longer surgeries and post-operative reduced mobility, there is an increased risk of blood clots forming in the legs, which may travel to the lungs.

● Need for Further Procedures
In some cases, additional surgery may be considered to address specific concerns or alter outcomes over time.

Risks and Complications of Labia/Labiaplasty Surgery

Labiaplasty is a procedure designed to adjust the size or shape of the labia. Like any surgical procedure, it carries potential risks and complications, which may vary between individuals, including:

● Changes in Sensation
Temporary or prolonged changes in sensation may occur in the treated area. This can include numbness, tingling, or heightened sensitivity. In most cases, this settles over time, but some changes may persist.

● Bleeding
Bleeding during or after surgery can occur. While efforts are made to manage bleeding during surgery, further treatment may be required.

● Infection
Despite precautions such as sterile techniques and wound care instructions, infection remains a possible risk after surgery.

● Wound Healing Issues
Delayed wound healing or wound separation can occur, particularly in areas subject to movement or friction.

● Scarring
Scars will form where incisions are made. While these typically fade over time, some individuals may experience raised or thickened scarring.

● Asymmetry
Differences in the appearance of the labia may occur following surgery, either due to healing variations or surgical factors. Further treatment may be considered in some cases.

● Pain or Discomfort
Pain may be experienced during the recovery period. Longer-term discomfort in the area may also occur in some cases.

● Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected in the short-term but can occasionally persist for longer periods.

● Changes in Tissue Colour or Texture
Alterations in the colour or texture of the labial tissue may occur during healing.

● Difficulty with Activities
Some patients may experience temporary difficulty with certain activities such as walking, sitting, or physical intimacy during the recovery phase.

● Over or Under-alteration
In some cases, the amount of tissue adjusted may be more or less than desired. Further procedures may be discussed if appropriate.

● Need for Revision Surgery
Occasionally, further surgery may be considered to alter the outcome or address unexpected healing issues.

Risks and Complications of Body Surgery/Excess Skin Removal (Body Lift) Surgery

Body lift surgery/Circumferential Abdominoplasty is a significant procedure that involves removing excess skin and tissue, often after weight loss or other changes in body size. As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications to consider. These include:

● Prolonged Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected following surgery. In some cases, these may persist longer than anticipated and can vary from person to person.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
A build-up of fluid near the surgical site (seroma) can occur. If this happens, further treatment such as aspiration or surgical drainage may be required.

● Skin or Fat Necrosis
In rare cases, some skin or fatty tissue may not receive adequate blood supply, resulting in tissue loss or delayed healing.

● Wound Separation or Delayed Wound Healing
Due to the extensiveness of the procedure, wound separation or slow healing may occur, particularly in areas of high tension or movement.

● Asymmetry
Differences between the sides of the body can result from variations in healing or the surgical process itself. While every effort is made to achieve symmetry, some variation may remain.

● Numbness or Altered Sensation
Changes in skin sensation around the surgical sites may occur due to nerve involvement. These changes are often temporary but can sometimes be prolonged or permanent.

● Scarring
Scars are an expected outcome of this surgery. The location, size, and appearance of scars may vary between patients. In some cases, scars may become thickened, raised, or widened.

● Residual Skin Laxity
Some areas of skin may retain laxity following surgery, particularly if skin quality is significantly reduced. Additional procedures may sometimes be discussed if appropriate.

● Persistent Discomfort or Tightness
It is possible to experience ongoing discomfort or tightness in the surgical areas. While this often reduces over time, in some cases, longer-term symptoms may remain.

● Blood Clot Formation (Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism)
Extended procedures such as body lift/Excess skin reduction surgery may carry an increased risk of blood clots forming in the veins. This risk may be addressed through specific prevention measures discussed prior to surgery.

● Fatty Tissue Irregularities
Unevenness or irregularities in the underlying fatty tissue may be visible or palpable following surgery.

● Need for Revision Surgery
In some cases, further surgery may be considered to address concerns such as asymmetry, scarring, or irregularities following healing.

Risks and Complications of Thigh Lift (Thighplasty) Surgery?

Thigh lift surgery is a procedure designed to address excess skin and tissue in the thigh region. As with any surgery, there are risks and potential complications to be considered. These include:

● Prolonged Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected after thigh lift surgery. In some cases, these may take longer to resolve.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
Fluid may accumulate near the surgical area, resulting in a seroma. This may require drainage or additional treatment.

● Wound Separation or Delayed Wound Healing
Due to the location of incisions and movement in the thigh region, wound healing may be slower than in other parts of the body. Wound separation can also occur, particularly in areas of high tension.

● Skin or Fat Necrosis
In rare cases, areas of skin or fat may lose their blood supply, resulting in tissue damage that may require further treatment.

● Numbness or Altered Sensation
Temporary or longer-lasting changes in skin sensation around the surgical site may occur due to nerve involvement during surgery.

● Scarring
Scarring is an expected result of surgery. Scar placement is planned strategically, but the appearance of scars can vary between patients. Some scars may become thickened, raised, or widened over time.

● Asymmetry
While efforts are made to achieve a symmetrical result, differences between the thighs may still be present after healing.

● Residual Skin Laxity
Some laxity may remain after surgery, depending on skin quality and elasticity.

● Persistent Tightness or Discomfort
Tightness or discomfort in the thighs can occur following surgery. While this often settles with time, some sensations may persist.

● Blood Clot Formation (Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism)
Thigh lift surgery may carry an increased risk of blood clot formation due to reduced mobility after the procedure. Preventative measures will be discussed before surgery.

● Fat Irregularities
Some irregularities in the fatty tissue may be noticeable after healing.

● Need for Revision Surgery
In some cases, further procedures may be considered to address concerns such as asymmetry, scarring, or tissue irregularities after initial healing.

Risks and Complications of Arm Lift (Brachioplasty) Surgery

Arm lift surgery, also known as brachioplasty, is designed to address excess skin and tissue in the upper arms. As with all surgical procedures, there are potential risks and complications. These include:

● Prolonged Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected in the weeks after surgery but may occasionally take longer to settle.

● Fluid Collection (Seroma)
Fluid may accumulate near the surgical site. This may require drainage or additional intervention.

● Wound Separation or Delayed Healing
Due to the movement of the arms, some patients may experience delayed wound healing or wound separation, particularly in areas of high tension.

● Skin or Fat Necrosis
In rare cases, small areas of skin or fat may lose their blood supply, leading to tissue damage that may require further management.

● Numbness or Changes in Sensation
Temporary or longer-term changes in sensation may occur around the surgical area due to nerve involvement.

● Scarring
Scarring is an unavoidable outcome of this procedure. The position of the scars will be carefully planned, but their appearance can vary between patients. Some may develop thickened, raised, or widened scars over time.

● Asymmetry
While efforts are made to achieve a symmetrical, balanced result, there may still be differences between the arms after healing.

● Residual Skin Laxity
Some skin laxity may remain after surgery, depending on individual skin quality.

● Persistent Tightness or Discomfort
Feelings of tightness or discomfort may occur in the arms following surgery. These often ease with time but may persist in some cases.

● Blood Clot Formation (Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism)
As with any surgery, there is a risk of blood clot formation, particularly with reduced activity during recovery.

● Fat Irregularities
Changes in the fatty tissue under the skin may be visible or felt after healing.

● Restricted Arm Movement
Temporary stiffness or reduced range of motion may occur after surgery. This typically dissipates with time, but in some cases, additional care may be required.

● Need for Revision Surgery
Some patients may consider additional procedures in the future to alter the outcome or address issues such as poor scarring or asymmetry.

Risks and Complications of Facelift (Rhytidectomy) Surgery

Facelift surgery (rhytidectomy) is performed to address facial ageing by repositioning underlying tissues and adjusting excess skin. As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications, including;

● Prolonged Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected after surgery and may take several weeks to fully subside. In some cases, this may persist longer than anticipated.

● Numbness or Changes in Sensation
Temporary or long-term changes in skin sensation may occur, particularly around the cheeks, ears, and neck. This is typically due to nerve involvement during surgery.

● Nerve Injury
There is a risk of injury to facial nerves that control muscle movement or sensation. While most nerve-related changes dissipate with time, there may be prolonged or permanent effects in rare cases.

● Skin Irregularities or Rippling
Some patients may notice skin irregularities after surgery, such as dimpling or uneven skin texture.

● Hair Loss Near Incision Sites
Temporary or permanent hair loss may occur near the incision lines, particularly around the temples or behind the ears.

● Wound Healing Issues or Wound Separation
Delayed healing or wound breakdown may occur, particularly in areas where tension is placed on the incisions.

● Skin or Fat Necrosis
In some cases, a reduced blood supply may cause small areas of skin or fat to become damaged, requiring additional treatment.

● Scarring
While incisions are placed to be as discreet as possible, all surgeries result in scarring. The appearance of scars varies between patients, with some developing thicker, raised, or widened scars.

● Facial Asymmetry
Asymmetry may occur following healing. Some differences in facial appearance may remain despite surgical technique.

● Tightness or Firmness
Feelings of tightness or firmness are expected in the early stages of healing. While this generally dissipates, some tightness may persist in the longer term.

● Hematoma (Blood Collection)
Bleeding beneath the skin can cause a hematoma, which may require surgical drainage.

● Infection
Although steps are taken to reduce the risk, infections can occur and may require treatment with antibiotics or additional procedures.

● Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome
Patients may occasionally feel that the results did not meet their expectations. Further procedures may be considered in some cases.

● Revision Surgery
In some instances, revision procedures may be necessary to address concerns such as scarring, asymmetry, or persistent skin laxity.

Risks and Complications of Neck Lift (platysmaplasty) Surgery

A Neck lift (lower rhytidectomy/platysmaplasty) aims to address concerns related to the lower face, jawline, and neck. Like all surgical procedures, it carries certain risks and potential complications, including;

● Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected after surgery and generally subside within several weeks. In some cases, swelling may persist longer.

● Numbness or Altered Sensation
Temporary numbness or changes in sensation, particularly around the neck, ears, and lower face, may occur. These changes typically dissipate with time but may occasionally persist.

● Nerve Injury
There is a risk of injury to nerves responsible for facial or neck muscle movement or skin sensation. Most nerve-related symptoms dissipate with time; however, in rare cases, they may be longer-lasting or permanent.

● Tightness or Stiffness
Patients may experience a sensation of tightness or stiffness in the neck, especially during the early recovery phase. This usually dissipates as healing progresses but may occasionally persist.

● Skin Irregularities
There may be areas of uneven skin or dimpling following surgery, which can sometimes require additional treatment.

● Hair Loss Near Incisions
Hair thinning or loss near incision sites, particularly around the hairline or behind the ears, may occur. In some cases, this may be permanent.

● Wound Healing Concerns or Separation
Delayed healing or wound separation may occur, particularly where incisions are placed under tension.

● Skin or Fat Necrosis
A reduction in blood supply to the surgical area may lead to tissue damage or necrosis, which may require further treatment.

● Scarring
All surgeries result in scars. While incisions are carefully placed to reduce visibility, scar appearance varies from person to person. Some patients may develop raised or thickened scars.

● Hematoma (Blood Collection)
Bleeding under the skin can lead to a hematoma, which may require surgical intervention.

● Infection
Despite precautions, infection is a risk after surgery and may require antibiotic treatment or further procedures.

● Asymmetry
While every effort is made to achieve a symmetrical appearance, subtle differences between each side of the neck or jawline may remain.

● Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome
Some patients may feel that the results do not fully meet their expectations. In such cases, revision surgery may be considered after the healing process is complete.

● Revision Surgery
Further procedures may sometimes be required to address concerns such as persistent excess skin, scar appearance, or asymmetry.

Risks and Complications of Submental (Chin) Liposuction Surgery

Submental liposuction is a surgical procedure designed to address excess fat under the chin and along the upper neck area. While many patients are satisfied with their outcomes, there are specific risks and potential complications associated with this procedure, including;
● Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising in the treated area are expected following surgery and generally settle within a few weeks. In some cases, swelling may take longer to resolve.

● Numbness or Changes in Sensation
Temporary numbness or altered sensation around the chin, neck, or lower face is possible. These symptoms usually change as the healing process progresses but may, in rare cases, persist.

● Irregular Skin Texture or shape Irregularities
Some patients may experience unevenness or irregularities in the skin surface where fat has been removed. This may change over time but, in some cases, may require additional treatment.

● Lax Skin
Following fat removal, the skin under the chin and along the neck may not tighten as expected, particularly if skin elasticity is reduced. Additional procedures may sometimes be considered if loose skin remains after healing.

● Hematoma (Blood Collection)
A collection of blood beneath the skin (hematoma) may occur and may require drainage or surgical intervention.

● Seroma (Fluid Build-up)
Fluid accumulation under the skin (seroma) can occasionally develop and may need to be drained in the clinic or in some cases in an operating setting.

● Infection
Though sterile techniques and precautions are used, there remains a risk of infection, which may require antibiotics or further treatment.

● Nerve Injury
There is a risk of injury to sensory nerves in the treated area. This may result in temporary or, in rare cases, prolonged numbness or changes in sensation.

● Scarring
Incisions are made to insert the liposuction cannula. While these are typically placed in discreet locations, all incisions will result in some scarring, which may vary depending on individual healing responses.

● Asymmetry
While every effort is made is produced a symmetrical result, some patients may end up with asymmetry between each side of the chin or neck.

● Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome
The result may not fully meet the patient’s expectations. In some cases, revision procedures may be considered after the healing process is complete.

● Delayed Healing
Some patients may experience slower healing, especially if there are underlying health conditions or factors that affect recovery.

● Revision Surgery
In certain cases, additional procedures may be necessary to adjust or alter the outcome.

Risks and Complications of Facial Fat Transfer Surgery

Fat transfer to the face (also known as autologous fat grafting) involves removing fat from one area of the body and injecting it into facial areas to increase volume. While this procedure can achieve slight increases in volume, there are specific risks and potential complications that patients should understand, including;

● Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected after surgery and generally subside over several weeks. Swelling may occasionally take longer to settle in some cases.

● Numbness or Altered Sensation
Temporary numbness or changes in skin sensation in both the donor and treated facial areas may occur. This usually dissipates with time but can occasionally persist.

● Fat Reabsorption
Some of the transferred fat may not survive the grafting process and may be reabsorbed by the body. This can result in less volume than initially expected. Additional treatments may sometimes be required to maintain the desired effect.

● Asymmetry
Asymmetry between facial areas may occur, either due to a patient’s physical variations or uneven fat graft retention. Revision procedures may sometimes be considered after healing.

● Irregularities or Lumps
Small lumps or unevenness may develop in the treated areas. These may resolve with time, but in some cases, further treatment may be needed.

● Infection
Despite sterile precautions, infection may occur at either the donor or recipient site. This may require antibiotic treatment or further procedures.

● Cyst Formation or Calcification
In some cases fat necrosis may lead to the formation of firm areas, cysts, or calcifications in the treated facial areas. These may require monitoring or, in some cases, additional treatment.

● Scarring
Scars will be present at both the donor and recipient sites where incisions are made for fat harvesting and injection. These are usually small and fade over time, though individual healing varies.

● Skin Discoloration
Temporary changes in skin colour, such as redness or darker pigmentation, may occur in the treated areas during healing. In some cases, these changes may persist longer.

● Fat Migration
In some instances, the transferred fat may move from the intended area, which could affect the outcome.

● Nerve Injury
There is a small risk of injury to sensory nerves, which may cause prolonged numbness or changes in sensation.

● Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome
The result may not fully align with expectations. Further treatments may be considered after healing to adjust the outcome.

● Revision Surgery
Additional procedures may sometimes be required to alter the result.

Risks and Complications of Upper and Lower Eyelid (Blepharoplasty) Surgery

Blepharoplasty, also known as eyelid surgery, is performed to address concerns involving the upper and/or lower eyelids. As with any surgical procedure, there are specific risks and potential complications that patients should be aware of before proceeding, including;

● Swelling and Bruising
Swelling and bruising are expected after surgery and generally resolve over several weeks. In some cases, swelling may take longer to subside.

● Dry Eyes or Eye Irritation
Temporary dry eyes, irritation, or excessive tearing may occur after surgery. These symptoms usually dissipate as healing progresses, but eye drops may be required for comfort.

● Changes in Eyelid Shape or Position
There is a possibility of changes to the shape or position of the eyelids following surgery. In some cases, this may result in difficulty fully closing the eyes or the appearance of asymmetry.

● Difficulty Closing the Eyes
Temporary difficulty in fully closing the eyes can occur after surgery. In some cases, further treatment may be needed to address this.

● Blurred Vision
Some patients may experience blurred or double vision for a short period following surgery. In rare cases, these symptoms may persist longer and require further assessment.

● Asymmetry
Subtle differences between the two eyelids may develop during healing. Revision surgery may sometimes be considered once recovery is complete.

● Scarring
All surgical procedures involve scarring. While scars from eyelid surgery are typically thin and located in the eyelid creases, their appearance can vary depending on individual healing.

● Infection
Despite sterile techniques, infection can occur and may require antibiotic treatment or additional medical care.

● Bleeding or Hematoma
Bleeding during or after surgery can occur, leading to the formation of a hematoma (a collection of blood under the skin). In some cases, this may require further treatment or surgical drainage.

● Numbness or Changes in Sensation
Temporary numbness, tingling, or changes in sensation around the eyelids and upper cheeks can occur after surgery. These symptoms usually dissipate with time but may occasionally persist.

● Excess Skin Removal or Insufficient Alteration
Too much or too little skin removal may result in unsatisfactory outcomes, requiring revision surgery to adjust the result.

● Eyelid Malposition (Ectropion or Entropion)
In rare cases, the eyelid may turn outward (ectropion) or inward (entropion). Additional surgery may be required to revise this.

● Vision Loss
Though extremely unlikely, there is a risk of vision loss due to bleeding behind the eye or other complications. Emergency treatment would be required in this unlikely situation.

● Unsatisfactory Aesthetic Outcome
The final result may not fully meet expectations, and revision procedures may be considered after the healing period.

● Revision Surgery
Additional surgical procedures may sometimes be necessary to alter the aesthetic result.

How Risks and Complications Are Managed

Dr Carmen Munteanu and her team are committed to patient safety and high standards of care. Each procedure is carefully planned, and every effort is made to reduce the likelihood of complications. This includes thorough pre-surgical assessments, the use of surgical techniques, and post-operative monitoring to support the recovery process. Surgery is performed in accredited hospital facilities that meet strict safety standards. Throughout your surgical journey, you will be provided with clear aftercare instructions and follow-up appointments to closely monitor your progress and recovery.

Your Role in Reducing Risks

While your surgeon (Dr Carmen or Dr Gary) will take every reasonable step to reduce risks, your actions also play a significant role in the outcome of your procedure. Following your pre- and post-operative instructions carefully is essential. This includes allowing adequate time for rest and recovery, attending all follow-up appointments, and being open about your medical history and any medications or supplements you are taking. Avoiding certain behaviours, such as smoking or using nicotine products, is also important as these may affect healing and increase the chance of complications. Clear communication with your surgeon and care team is key throughout your recovery.

Understanding That Outcomes Can Vary

It is important to understand that each person’s body responds to surgery in its own way. Healing times vary between individuals, and some procedures may require a longer recovery period before the final outcome is apparent. While your surgeon will aim to achieve your desired result, no surgical outcome can be guaranteed. In some situations, further treatment or revision surgery may be required. Your surgeon will discuss realistic expectations with you and provide guidance throughout your surgical journey.

When to Seek Urgent Medical Attention

While most patients recover without serious issues, it is important to be aware of signs that may indicate the need for immediate medical care. If you experience symptoms such as sudden or severe swelling, persistent or heavy bleeding, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or unexpected changes in vision, it is essential to contact your surgeon or seek emergency medical assistance without delay. Acting promptly can be an important part of addressing any unexpected concerns after surgery.

Disclaimer

All surgery carries risks, both general and procedure-specific. Risks can vary based on individual health factors, procedure type, and surgical technique. This page is intended to provide information for general understanding. Detailed discussions tailored to individual circumstances will occur during the consultation.

The information on this page is provided for general guidance to help you understand potential risks and complications associated with plastic surgery procedures. It is not a substitute for a personal consultation. During your consultation, your surgeon will explain the risks specific to your procedure and individual circumstances in detail, as part of the informed consent process. All surgical procedures carry risks, and it is important to carefully consider this information before proceeding.

Risks and Complications of Surgery

Risks and Complications of Plastic Surgery with Dr Carmen

Risks and Complications that may apply to ANY surgical procedure

General Anaesthetic

Pain

Numbness / Changes in Sensation

Internal Bleeding (Hematoma)

Fluid Accumulation (Seroma)

Allergic Reaction

Infection

Wound Healing / Wound Breakdown

Scarring and Keloid Formation

Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT)

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Cardiac Events (Heart Attack)

Ways to Help Reduce Risks and Support Recovery After Surgery

Procedure Specific Risks and Complications

How Risks and Complications Are Managed

Your Role in Reducing Risks

Understanding That Outcomes Can Vary

When to Seek Urgent Medical Attention

Disclaimer

Dr Carmen Munteanu – Specialist Plastic Surgeon

What to do next

Questions?
Get in touch or book your consultation below

Resources

Download Guides

Your Patient Journey

Preparing for Surgery

Risks and Complications of Plastic Surgery with Dr Carmen

Risks and Complications that may apply to ANY surgical procedure

General Anaesthetic

Pain

Numbness / Changes in Sensation

Internal Bleeding (Hematoma)

Fluid Accumulation (Seroma)

Allergic Reaction

Infection

Wound Healing / Wound Breakdown

Scarring and Keloid Formation

Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT)

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Cardiac Events (Heart Attack)

Ways to Help Reduce Risks and Support Recovery After Surgery

Procedure Specific Risks and Complications

How Risks and Complications Are Managed

Your Role in Reducing Risks

Understanding That Outcomes Can Vary

When to Seek Urgent Medical Attention

Disclaimer

Dr Carmen Munteanu – Specialist Plastic Surgeon

What to do next

Questions? Get in touch or book your consultation below

Resources

Download Guides

Your Patient Journey

Preparing for Surgery

Questions?
Get in touch or book your consultation below